While the agency has completed other missions to Mars, the $2.7 billion robotic explorer, named Perseverance, carries scientific tools that will bring advanced capabilities to the search for life beyond Earth. The rover, about the size of a car, can use its sophisticated cameras, lasers that can analyze the chemical makeup of Martian rocks, and ground-penetrating radar to identify the chemical signatures of fossilized microbial life that may have thrived on Mars when it was a planet full of flowing water.
NASA’s earlier missions showed that in the distant past some places were warm, wet, and habitable. Now it is time to learn whether there were ever any microscopic inhabitants there.
Perseverance is the third visitor to Mars in February. Earlier in the month, the United Arab Emirates sent a robotic probe, named Hope, to orbit the red planet in order to study its atmosphere and weather—the first interplanetary mission undertaken by an Arab country. Two days later, China’s Tianwen-1 began its orbit of Mars. By accomplishing this feat, China completed its first successful journey to another planet in our solar system.