Afghanistan
Asia
41,129,000
252,072
Transitional under Taliban control
$1,500
2.8
26
43
Pashto, Afghan Persian, Turkic, others
Kabul
Acting Prime Minister Mullah Mohammad Hassan
1919
0.478
52%
23%
59
65
Albania
Europe
2,776,000
11,082
Presidential-parliamentary democracy
$14,500
-0.1
63
16
Albanian, Greek
Tirana
Prime Minister Edi Rama
1912
0.796
99%
98%
75
80
Algeria
Africa
44,903,000
919,595
Dominant party
$11,000
1.7
74
31
Arabic, French, Berber dialects
Algiers
President Abdelmajid Tebboune
1962
0.745
87%
75%
75
78
Andorra
Europe
81,000
180
Presidential-parliamentary democracy
$49,900
0.1
88
13
Catalan, French, Castilian Spanish, Portuguese
Andorra la Vella
Head of Government Xavier Espot Zamora
1278
0.858
99%
99%
77
84
Angola
Africa
35,589,000
481,354
Dominant party
$5,900
3.1
67
45
Portuguese, Bantu, others
Luanda
President João Lourenço
1975
0.586
83%
62%
59
65
Antigua and Barbuda
North America
101,000
171
Parliamentary democracy
$19,100
0.6
24
21
English, local dialects
St. John’s
Prime Minister Gaston Browne
1981
0.788
98%
99%
76
81
Argentina
South America
46,235,000
1,073,520
Presidential-legislative democracy
$21,500
0.5
92
23
Spanish, English, Italian, German, French
Buenos Aires
President Alberto Fernández
1816
0.842
99%
99%
72
79
Armenia
Asia
2,959,000
11,484
Presidential-parliamentary system
$14,200
0.1
64
20
Armenian, Russian, others
Yerevan
Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan
1991
0.759
99%
99%
68
79
Australia
Oceania
25,831,000
2,968,401
Parliamentary democracy
$49,800
0.5
86
19
English, aboriginal languages, others
Canberra
Prime Minister Anthony Albanese
1901
0.951
99%
99%
81
85
Austria
Europe
9,000,000
32,387
Parliamentary democracy
$54,100
-0.1
59
14
German
Vienna
Chancellor Karl Nehammer
1156
0.916
98%
98%
79
84
Azerbaijan
Asia
10,198,000
33,436
Presidential dictatorship
$14,400
0.5
53
22
Azeri, Russian, Armenian, others
Baku
President Ilham Aliyev
1991
0.745
99%
99%
70
77
Bahamas
North America
410,000
5,382
Parliamentary democracy
$30,200
0.2
83
19
English, Creole
Nassau
Prime Minister Philip Davis
1973
0.812
95%
97%
68
75
Bahrain
Middle East
1,472,000
297
Constitutional monarchy
$49,400
0.9
90
20
Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu
Manama
King Hamad bin Isa al-Khalifa
1971
0.875
99%
95%
78
80
Bangladesh
Asia
171,186,000
56,977
Dominant party
$5,900
1.2
39
26
Bengali, English
Dhaka
Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina Wajed
1971
0.661
78%
72%
71
74
Barbados
North America
269,000
166
Parliamentary democracy
$13,800
-0.1
31
17
English, Bajan
Bridgetown
Prime Minister Mia Mottley
1966
0.79
99%
99%
76
79
Belarus
Europe
9,227,000
80,153
Presidential dictatorship
$19,800
-0.4
78
17
Belarusian, Russian, others
Minsk
President Aleksandr Lukashenko
1991
0.808
99%
99%
69
79
Belgium
Europe
11,616,000
11,840
Parliamentary democracy
$51,700
0.0
98
17
Flemish, French, German
Brussels
Prime Minister Alexander De Croo
1830
0.937
99%
99%
79
83
Belize
North America
441,000
8,867
Parliamentary democracy
$8,800
1.2
46
36
English, Spanish, Mayan, Garifuna
Belmopan
Prime Minister Johnny Briceño
1981
0.683
82%
83%
67
74
Benin
Africa
13,353,000
44,310
Presidential-legislative system
$3,300
2.7
49
42
French, Fon, Yoruba, others
Porto-Novo
President Patrice Talon
1960
0.525
57%
35%
58
62
Bhutan
Asia
763,000
14,824
Constitutional monarchy
$10,900
1.0
43
24
Dzongkha, Sharchhopka, others
Thimphu
Prime Minister Lyoncchen Lotay Tshering
1907
0.666
78%
63%
70
74
Bolivia
South America
12,224,000
424,165
Presidential-legislative democracy
$8,100
1.2
70
31
Spanish, Quechua, Aymara
La Paz and Sucre
President Luis Arce
1825
0.692
97%
89%
61
67
Bosnia and Herzegovina,5
Europe
3,443,000
19,772
Presidential-parliamentary system
$15,700
-0.7
49
15
Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian
Sarajevo
rotating Chairman of the Presidency1
1992
0.78
99%
98%
75
80
Botswana
Africa
2,630,000
224,607
Parliamentary democracy and traditional chiefs
$14,800
1.4
72
33
English, Setswana, others
Gaborone
President Mokgweetsi Masisi
1966
0.693
88%
89%
59
64
Brazil
South America
214,834,000
3,287,956
Presidential-legislative democracy
$14,600
0.6
87
20
Portuguese, Amerindian dialects
Brasília
President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
1822
0.754
94%
95%
72
79
Brunei
Asia
442,000
2,226
Monarchy
$60,100
1.0
79
20
Malay, English, Chinese
Bandar Seri Begawan
Sir Hassanal Bolkiah Mu’izzadin Waddaulah
1984
0.829
98%
97%
78
81
Bulgaria
Europe
6,800,000
42,615
Parliamentary democracy
$24,400
-1.3
73
15
Bulgarian, Turkish, others
Sofia
Prime Minister Nikolay Denkov (until spring ,)2024
1908
0.795
99%
98%
70
77
Burkina Faso
Africa
22,674,000
105,878
Presidential-parliamentary democracy
$2,000
2.6
31
44
French, Sudanic languages
Ouagadougou
President Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba
2200
0.449
55%
38%
58
62
Burundi
Africa
12,890,000
10,747
Presidential-legislative system
$700
2.7
14
46
Kirundi, French, Swahili
Bujumbura
President Évariste Ndayishimiye
1962
0.426
81%
68%
60
64
Cabo Verde
Africa
593,000
1,557
Presidential-parliamentary democracy
$6,100
0.9
74
26
Portuguese, Crioulo
Praia
Prime Minister Ulisses Correia e Silva
1975
0.662
94%
87%
70
78
Cambodia
Asia
16,785,000
69,898
Dominant party
$4,400
1.5
25
29
Khmer, French, English
Phnom Penh
Prime Minister Hun Manet
1953
0.593
88%
80%
67
73
Cameroon
Africa
27,915,000
180,213
Presidential dictatorship
$3,700
2.6
58
42
English, French, African languages
Yaoundé
President Paul Biya
1960
0.575
83%
72%
59
62
Canada
North America
38,758,000
3,855,103
Parliamentary democracy
$47,900
0.2
82
16
English, French
Ottawa
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau
1867
0.936
99%
99%
80
84
Central African Republic
Africa
5,579,000
240,324
In transition amid ongoing conflict
$800
3.1
42
48
French, Sangho, others
Bangui
President Faustin Archange Touadéra
1960
0.404
50%
26%
52
56
Chad
Africa
17,723,000
495,755
Military controlled
$1,400
3.1
24
48
French, Arabic, Sara, others
N’Djamena
Chairman of Transitional Military Council Mahamat Idriss Déby
1960
0.394
35%
18%
51
55
Chile
South America
19,829,000
291,930
Presidential-legislative democracy
$25,400
0.5
88
19
Spanish
Santiago
President Gabriel Boric
1810
0.855
97%
97%
78
84
China,2
Asia
1,411,000,000
3,696,100
Communist one-party state
$17,600
0.0
65
18
Mandarin, other Chinese languages, other languages
Beijing
President Xi Jinping
1912
0.768
99%
95%
75
81
Colombia
South America
49,059,000
440,831
Presidential-legislative democracy
$14,600
0.8
82
23
Spanish
Bogotá
President Gustavo Petro
1810
0.752
95%
96%
71
79
Comoros
Africa
837,000
719
Presidential-parliamentary system
$3,200
2.1
30
38
Arabic, French, Shikomoro
Moroni
President Azali Assoumani
1975
0.558
67%
57%
61
66
Congo, Democratic Republic
Africa
99,010,000
905,568
Presidential-parliamentary system
$1,100
3.2
46
47
French, Lingala, Kingwana, Kikongo, Tshiluba
Kinshasa
President Félix Tshisekedi
1960
0.479
90%
71%
57
62
Congo, Republic
Africa
5,970,000
132,047
Presidential dictatorship
$3,400
2.4
68
41
French, Lingala, Monokutuba, Kikongo, others
Brazzaville
President Denis Sassou-Nguesso
1960
0.571
86%
75%
62
65
Costa Rica
North America
5,215,000
19,730
Presidential-legislative democracy
$21,200
0.4
81
22
Spanish, English
San José
President Rodrigo Chaves
1821
0.809
98%
98%
78
83
Côte d’Ivoire
Africa
28,161,000
124,504
Presidential-parliamentary system
$5,300
2.5
52
41
French, Dioula, others
Yamoussoukro
President Alassane Ouattara
1960
0.55
93%
87%
57
60
Croatia
Europe
3,803,000
21,851
Presidential-parliamentary democracy
$31,600
-0.7
58
14
Croatian, Serbian, others
Zagreb
Prime Minister Andrej Plenkovic
1991
0.858
99%
99%
75
81
Cuba
North America
11,079,000
42,426
Communist one-party state
$12,300
-0.6
77
16
Spanish
Havana
President Miguel Díaz-Canel
1902
0.764
99%
99%
71
76
Cyprus,3
Middle East
1,251,000
2,272
Presidential-parliamentary democracy
$41,700
0.3
67
16
Greek, Turkish, English
Nicosia
President Nikos Christodoulidis
1960
0.896
99%
99%
79
83
Czechia,6
Europe
10,527,000
30,452
Parliamentary democracy
$40,700
-0.3
74
16
Czech, Slovak
Prague
Prime Minister Petr Fiala
1993
0.889
99%
99%
74
81
Denmark
Europe
5,890,000
16,578
Parliamentary democracy
$58,000
0.1
88
16
Danish, Greenlandic, Faroese, German
Copenhagen
Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen
c. 965
0.948
99%
99%
80
83
Djibouti
Africa
1,121,000
9,151
Presidential dictatorship
$4,900
1.3
78
30
French, Arabic, Somali, Afar
Djibouti
President Ismail Omar Guelleh
1977
0.509
NA
NA
60
75
Dominica
North America
73,000
290
Parliamentary democracy
$10,900
0.4
71
20
English, French patois
Roseau
Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit
1978
0.72
94%
94%
70
76
Dominican Republic
North America
11,229,000
18,653
Presidential-legislative democracy
$18,600
1.2
83
27
Spanish
Santo Domingo
President Luis Abinader
1844
0.767
95%
95%
69
76
Ecuador
South America
18,001,000
98,986
Presidential-legislative democracy
$10,700
1.0
64
26
Spanish, Quechua, Amerindian dialects
Quito
President to be determined by October runoff elections
1822
0.74
95%
94%
70
77
Egypt
Africa/Middle East
103,539,000
390,121
Dominant party
$11,600
1.4
44
34
Arabic, English, French
Cairo
President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi
1922
0.731
79%
67%
73
76
El Salvador
North America
6,336,000
8,124
Presidential-legislative democracy
$9,100
0.7
74
25
Spanish, Nahua
San Salvador
President Salvador Nayib Bukele
1821
0.675
91%
87%
66
75
Equatorial Guinea
Africa
1,675,000
10,831
Presidential dictatorship
$14,600
2.1
74
38
Spanish, French, Fang, Bubi, others
Malabo
President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
1968
0.596
97%
93%
59
63
Eritrea
Africa
3,684,000
46,774
One-party dictatorship
$1,600
2.2
42
39
Tigrinya, Arabic, English, Tigre, Kunama, Afar, others
Asmara
President Isaias Afewerki
1993
0.492
84%
69%
64
69
Estonia
Europe
1,328,000
17,504
Parliamentary democracy
$38,700
-0.4
69
16
Estonian, Ukrainian, Russian, others
Tallinn
Prime Minister Kaja Kallas
1991
0.89
99%
99%
74
83
Eswatini,1
Africa
1,202,000
6,704
Monarchy
$8,900
1.3
24
35
English, Siswati
Mbabane and Lobamba
King Mswati III
1968
0.597
88%
89%
53
61
Ethiopia
Africa
123,380,000
435,186
Dominant party
$2,300
2.6
22
40
Amharic, Tigrinya, Arabic, Orominga, English, others
Addis Ababa
Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed
1st c. b.c.
0.498
57%
44%
62
68
Fiji
Oceania
902,000
7,055
Parliamentary democracy
$10,400
1.0
58
29
English, Fijian, Hindustani
Suva
Prime Minister Sitiveni Rabuka
1970
0.73
99%
99%
65
69
Finland
Europe
5,554,000
150,931
Presidential-parliamentary democracy
$48,800
-0.1
87
15
Finnish, Swedish, others
Helsinki
Prime Minister Petteri Orpo
1917
0.94
99%
99%
79
84
France
Europe
65,771,000
210,026
Presidential-parliamentary democracy
$45,000
0.1
81
17
French, regional dialects
Paris
President Emmanuel Macron
486
0.903
99%
99%
79
86
Gabon
Africa
2,389,000
103,347
Presidential dictatorship
$13,800
2.0
90
36
French, Fang, Myene, others
Libreville
President Ali Bongo Ondimba
1960
0.706
86%
85%
63
68
Gambia
Africa
2,706,000
4,123
Presidential-legislative system
$2,100
2.6
63
43
English, Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, others
Banjul
President Adama Barrow
1965
0.5
65%
51%
61
64
Georgia
Asia
3,746,000
26,911
Presidential-parliamentary democracy
$15,500
-0.4
59
20
Georgian, Russian, Armenian, Azeri, Ossetian, others
Tbilisi
President Salome Zurabishvili
1991
0.802
99%
99%
69
78
Germany
Europe
83,278,000
137,879
Parliamentary democracy
$53,200
-0.3
78
14
German
Berlin
Chancellor Olaf Scholz
1871
0.942
99%
99%
79
83
Ghana
Africa
33,476,000
92,098
Presidential-parliamentary democracy
$5,400
2.0
58
37
English, Asante, others
Accra
President Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo
1957
0.632
84%
75%
62
66
Greece
Europe
10,619,000
50,949
Parliamentary democracy
$29,500
-0.4
80
14
Greek, English, French
Athens
Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis
1830
0.887
99%
97%
79
84
Grenada
North America
125,000
133
Parliamentary democracy
$13,700
0.8
37
24
English, French patois
St. George’s
Prime Minister Dickon Mitchell
1974
0.795
99%
99%
72
78
Guatemala
North America
17,844,000
42,042
Presidential-legislative democracy
$8,900
1.5
52
32
Spanish, Amerindian dialects
Guatemala City
President Bernardo Arévalo
1821
0.627
88%
79%
66
73
Guinea
Africa
13,859,000
94,926
Presidential-legislative system (transitional after military coup)
$2,600
2.4
37
42
French, African languages
Conakry
President Mamady Doumbouya
1958
0.465
61%
31%
58
60
Guinea-Bissau
Africa
2,106,000
13,948
Presidential-parliamentary system
$1,800
2.2
45
40
Portuguese, Crioulo, others
Bissau
President Umaro Sissoco Embaló
1973
NA
67%
40%
57
62
Guyana
South America
809,000
83,012
Presidential-parliamentary democracy
$21,900
1.0
27
29
English, Amerindian dialects, Creole, Hindi, Urdu
Georgetown
President Mohamed Irfaan Ali
1966
0.714
89%
88%
62
69
Haiti
North America
11,585,000
10,695
Presidential-parliamentary system
$2,900
1.5
58
32
French, Creole
Port-au-Prince
Acting President Ariel Henry
1804
0.535
65%
58%
60
66
Honduras
North America
9,600,000
43,433
Presidential-parliamentary system
$5,600
1.6
59
31
Spanish, Amerindian dialects
Tegucigalpa
President Xiomara Castro
1821
0.621
88%
89%
68
73
Hungary
Europe
9,668,000
35,916
Parliamentary system
$33,600
-0.6
72
15
Hungarian, others
Budapest
Prime Minister Viktor Orbán
1918
0.846
99%
99%
72
79
Iceland
Europe
380,000
39,777
Parliamentary democracy
$53,600
0.7
94
19
Icelandic, others
Reykjavík
Prime Minister Katrín Jakobsdóttir
1944
0.959
99%
99%
81
84
India
Asia
1,428,000,000
1,222,550
Parliamentary democracy
$6,600
1.4
35
25
Hindi, English, Bengali, others
New Delhi
Prime Minister Narendra Modi
1947
0.633
82%
66%
68
71
Indonesia
Asia
275,501,000
740,122
Presidential-legislative democracy
$11,900
0.7
57
25
Bahasa Indonesian, English, Dutch, others
Jakarta
President Joko Widodo
1945
0.705
97%
95%
66
70
Iran
Middle East
88,551,000
723,540
Presidential-parliamentary system under religious control
$15,000
0.7
76
24
Farsi, Turkic, Kurdish, Luri, others
Tehran
President Ebrahim Raisi
1501
0.774
92%
89%
71
71
Iraq
Middle East
44,496,000
167,975
Parliamentary system
$9,000
2.3
71
38
Arabic, Kurdish, Turkmen, Assyrian, Armenian
Baghdad
Prime Minister Muhammad Shia al-Sudani
1932
0.686
91%
80%
68
72
Ireland
Europe
5,054,000
27,133
Parliamentary democracy
$102,500
0.5
64
20
English, Gaelic
Dublin
Prime Minister Leo Varadkar
1921
0.945
99%
99%
80
84
Israel,4
Middle East
9,526,000
8,357
Parliamentary democracy
$42,100
1.4
93
28
Hebrew, Arabic, English
Jerusalem
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu
1948
0.919
99%
97%
81
85
Italy
Europe
58,857,000
116,631
Parliamentary democracy
$41,900
-0.5
71
13
Italian, German, French, Slovene
Rome
Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni
1861
0.895
99%
99%
80
85
Jamaica
North America
2,827,000
4,411
Parliamentary democracy
$9,600
0.3
57
20
English, English patois
Kingston
Prime Minister Andrew Holness
1962
0.709
84%
93%
68
73
Japan
Asia
124,931,000
145,898
Parliamentary democracy
$40,800
-0.5
92
12
Japanese
Tokyo
Prime Minister Fumio Kishida
660 b.c.
0.925
99%
99%
82
88
Jordan
Middle East
11,185,000
34,284
Constitutional monarchy
$9,200
1.2
90
34
Arabic, English
Amman
King Abdullah II
1946
0.72
99%
98%
72
75
Kazakhstan
Asia
19,243,000
1,052,067
Dominant party
$26,100
1.4
58
30
Kazakh, Russian, others
Nur-Sultan
President Kasymzhomart Tokayev
1991
0.811
99%
99%
66
74
Kenya
Africa
54,027,000
228,561
Presidential-legislative system
$4,700
2.0
28
38
English, Swahili, others
Nairobi
President William Ruto
1963
0.575
86%
60%
59
64
Kiribati
Oceania
123,000
313
Presidential-legislative democracy
$1,900
2.1
56
36
English, Gilbertese
Tarawa
President Taneti Maamau
1979
0.624
NA
NA
66
69
Korea, North
Asia
26,069,000
47,399
Communist one-party state
$1,700
0.4
63
19
Korean
Pyongyang
General Secretary Kim Jong Un
1945
NA
99%
99%
71
76
Korea, South
Asia
51,628,000
37,491
Presidential-parliamentary democracy
$44,200
-0.1
81
12
Korean, English
Seoul
President Yoon Suk-yeol
1945
0.925
99%
97%
81
87
Kosovo,7
Europe
1,806,000
4,210
Presidential-parliamentary democracy
$11,900
0.7
42
24
Albanian, Serbian, others
Pristina
Prime Minister Albin Kurti
2008
NA
97%
88%
74
78
Kuwait
Middle East
4,149,000
6,880
Constitutional monarchy
$43,900
0.9
100
21
Arabic, English
Kuwait City
Sheikh Nawaf al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah
1961
0.831
97%
95%
77
80
Kyrgyzstan
Asia
6,803,000
77,199
Presidential-parliamentary system
$4,800
1.8
37
34
Kirghiz, Russian, Uzbek, others
Bishkek
President Sadyr Japarov
1991
0.692
99%
99%
68
76
Laos
Asia
7,452,000
91,429
Communist one-party state
$7,800
1.4
37
32
Lao, French, English, others
Vientiane
President Thongloun Sisoulith
1949
0.607
91%
81%
65
69
Latvia
Europe
1,863,000
24,932
Presidential-parliamentary democracy
$32,100
-0.9
80
16
Latvian, Lithuanian, Russian, others
Riga
Prime Minister Krisjanis Karins
1991
0.863
99%
99%
70
80
Lebanon
Middle East
5,490,000
4,036
Presidential-parliamentary system
$13,000
0.7
89
24
Arabic, French, Armenian, English
Beirut
Prime Minister Najib Mikati
1943
0.706
97%
93%
73
77
Lesotho
Africa
2,306,000
11,720
Parliamentary democracy
$2,300
1.2
29
33
Sesotho, English, Zulu, Xhosa
Maseru
Prime Minister Moeketsi Majoro
1966
0.514
73%
89%
50
56
Liberia
Africa
5,303,000
38,491
Presidential-legislative democracy
$1,400
2.2
53
40
English, ethnic languages
Monrovia
President George Weah
1847
0.481
63%
34%
59
62
Libya
Africa
6,812,000
647,184
In transition amid ongoing conflict
$22,000
1.1
81
28
Arabic, Italian, English, Berber
Tripoli
Interim Prime Minister Abdul Hamid Dbeibah
1951
0.718
97%
86%
70
75
Liechtenstein
Europe
39,000
62
Constitutional monarchy
$139,100
0.1
15
14
German, Alemannic dialect
Vaduz
Prince Alois
1719
0.935
99%
99%
80
84
Lithuania
Europe
2,786,000
25,207
Presidential-parliamentary democracy
$39,300
-0.8
68
15
Lithuanian, Polish, Russian, others
Vilnius
President Gitanas Nauseda
1991
0.875
99%
99%
70
80
Luxembourg
Europe
651,000
999
Parliamentary democracy
$115,700
0.3
92
16
Luxembourgish, German, French
Luxembourg
Prime Minister Xavier Bettel
1839
0.93
99%
99%
80
85
Madagascar
Africa
29,641,000
226,756
Presidential-parliamentary democracy
$1,500
2.8
38
29
French, Malagasy
Antananarivo
President Andry Rajoelina
1960
0.501
79%
76%
63
68
Malawi
Africa
20,405,000
45,853
Presidential-legislative democracy
$1,500
2.6
18
43
English, Chichewa, others
Lilongwe
President Lazarus Chakwera
1964
0.512
71%
64%
59
66
Malaysia
Asia
32,723,000
127,653
Dominant party
$26,300
0.9
75
24
Bahasa Malaysia, English, Chinese, others
Kuala Lumpur
Prime Minister Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim
1957
0.803
96%
94%
73
78
Maldives
Asia
579,000
115
Presidential-legislative system
$18,800
1.0
41
20
Maldivian Dhivehi, English
Male
President Ibrahim Mohamed Solih
1965
0.747
98%
98%
79
81
Mali
Africa
22,594,000
479,245
In transition amid ongoing conflict
$2,100
3.2
43
47
French, Bambara, others
Bamako
Interim President Assimi Goita
1960
0.428
46%
26%
58
60
Malta
Europe
518,000
122
Parliamentary democracy
$44,700
0.1
95
13
Maltese, English
Valletta
Prime Minister Robert Abela
1964
0.918
93%
96%
81
86
Marshall Islands
Oceania
54,000
70
Parliamentary democracy and traditional chiefs
$6,000
1.2
78
32
Marshallese, English
Majuro
President David Kabua
1986
0.639
98%
98%
64
67
Mauritania
Africa
4,740,000
397,956
Presidential-parliamentary system
$5,300
3.2
56
42
Arabic, Pulaar, Soninke, Wolof, French
Nouakchott
President Mohamed Cheikh El Ghazouani
1960
0.556
72%
62%
63
66
Mauritius
Africa
1,263,000
791
Parliamentary democracy
$21,000
0.0
41
17
Creole, Bhojpuri, French, English, others
Port Louis
Prime Minister Pravind Jugnauth
1968
0.802
94%
91%
71
78
Mexico
North America
127,504,000
758,450
Presidential-legislative democracy
$19,100
0.5
81
25
Spanish, Mayan, other indigenous languages
Mexico City
President Andrés Manuel López Obrador
1810
0.758
96%
95%
66
75
Micronesia
Oceania
106,000
274
Parliamentary democracy
$3,300
1.5
23
30
English, Chuukese, Pohnpeian, Yapese, Kosrean, others
Palikir
President Wesley Simina
1986
0.628
91%
88%
69
72
Moldova
Europe
3,526,000
13,067
Parliamentary democracy
$14,000
-0.6
43
16
Romanian, Russian, Gagauz
Chisinau
Prime Minister Dorin Recean
1991
0.767
99%
99%
67
75
Monaco
Europe
40,000
0.8
Constitutional monarchy
$115,700
1.0
100
13
French, English, Italian, Monégasque
Monaco
Prince Albert II
1419
NA
99%
99%
84
88
Mongolia
Asia
3,436,000
603,909
Presidential-parliamentary democracy
$11,700
1.5
69
32
Khalkha Mongolian, Turkic, Russian
Ulaanbaatar
Prime Minister Luvsannamsrai Oyun-Erdene
1921
0.739
99%
99%
67
76
Montenegro
Europe
619,000
5,362
Presidential-parliamentary democracy
$20,600
-0.3
68
18
Serbian, Montenegrin, Bosnian, Albanian
Podgorica
President Jakov Milatovic
2006
0.832
99%
99%
73
79
Morocco
Africa
36,670,000
169,827
Constitutional monarchy
$8,100
1.2
64
25
Arabic, Berber dialects, French
Rabat
King Mohammed VI
1956
0.683
85%
67%
72
76
Mozambique
Africa
32,970,000
308,642
Presidential-parliamentary system
$1,200
2.8
38
44
Portuguese, African languages
Maputo
President Filipe Nyusi
1975
0.446
74%
54%
56
62
Myanmar (Burma)
Asia
54,179,000
261,219
Military controlled
$4,000
0.7
31
25
Burmese, others
Naypyidaw
Chairman of the State Administrative Council Min Aung Hlaing
1948
0.585
92%
86%
63
69
Namibia
Africa
2,567,000
318,261
Presidential-parliamentary democracy
$9,100
1.7
53
36
Afrikaans, German, English, local African languages
Windhoek
President Hage Geingob
1990
0.615
91%
92%
56
63
Nauru
Oceania
11,900
8
Presidential-legislative democracy
$13,500
2.1
100
39
Nauruan, English
Yaren District
President Russ Kun
1968
NA
NA
NA
60
67
Nepal
Asia
30,896,000
56,827
Parliamentary democracy
$3,800
1.3
21
29
Nepali, others
Kathmandu
Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal
1768
0.602
81%
63%
67
70
Netherlands
Europe
17,679,000
16,158
Parliamentary democracy
$56,600
0.1
93
15
Dutch
Amsterdam
Prime Minister to be determined after November elections
1579
0.941
99%
99%
80
83
New Zealand
Oceania
5,139,000
103,517
Parliamentary democracy
$42,900
0.5
87
19
English, Maori, others
Wellington
Prime Minister Chris Hipkins
1907
0.937
99%
99%
81
84
Nicaragua
North America
6,734,000
50,337
Dominant party
$5,600
1.4
59
30
Spanish, Miskito, others
Managua
President Daniel Ortega
1821
0.667
82%
83%
74
80
Niger
Africa
26,208,000
489,191
Presidential-parliamentary system
$1,200
3.7
17
49
French, Hausa, Djerma
Niamey
President Mohamed Bazoum
1960
0.4
46%
29%
61
63
Nigeria
Africa
218,541,000
356,669
Presidential-legislative system
$4,900
2.4
53
43
English, Hausa, Yoruba, Ibo, Fulani, others
Abuja
President Muhammadu Buhari
1960
0.535
71%
53%
53
54
North Macedonia,8
Europe
1,815,000
9,928
Presidential-parliamentary democracy
$16,500
-0.5
59
17
Macedonian, Albanian, others
Skopje
Prime Minister Dimitar Kovacevski
1991
0.77
99%
98%
72
76
Norway
Europe
5,442,000
148,730
Parliamentary democracy
$65,700
0.3
82
17
Norwegian, Finnish
Oslo
Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre
1905
0.961
99%
99%
82
85
Oman
Middle East
4,574,000
119,688
Monarchy
$34,300
1.6
87
27
Arabic, English, Baluchi, Urdu, others
Muscat
Sultan Haitham bin Tariq
1650
0.816
97%
93%
71
75
Pakistan
Asia
235,825,000
340,499
Military dominated
$5,200
2.0
37
37
Urdu, Punjabi, Sindhi, Siraiki, English, others
Islamabad
Interim Prime Minister Anwaar-ul-Haq Kakar
1947
0.544
69%
47%
64
69
Palau
Oceania
18,000
189
Presidential-legislative democracy and traditional chiefs
$13,800
0.3
81
21
Palauan, Sonsoralese, English, others
Ngerulmud
President Surangel Whipps Jr.
1994
0.767
97%
96%
62
71
Panama
North America
4,395,000
29,081
Presidential-legislative democracy
$29,000
1.0
69
25
Spanish, English
Panama City
President Laurentino Cortizo
1903
0.805
99%
95%
74
80
Papua New Guinea
Oceania
9,312,000
178,704
Parliamentary democracy
$3,700
1.9
13
34
Tok Pisin, English, Hiri Motu, others
Port Moresby
Prime Minister James Marape
1975
0.558
66%
63%
63
68
Paraguay
South America
6,781,000
157,048
Presidential-legislative democracy
$13,700
1.3
62
29
Spanish, Guarani
Asunción
President Santiago Peña
1811
0.717
95%
94%
67
73
Peru
South America
33,450,000
496,225
Presidential-legislative democracy
$12,500
0.6
79
25
Spanish, Quechua, Aymara
Lima
President Dina Boluarte
1821
0.762
97%
92%
65
73
Philippines
Asia
115,559,000
115,831
Presidential-legislative democracy
$8,100
1.5
48
30
Filipino, English
Manila
President Ferdinand Marcos Jr.
1946
0.699
96%
97%
67
71
Poland
Europe
37,964,000
120,423
Presidential-parliamentary democracy
$34,900
-0.5
60
15
Polish
Warsaw
President Andrzej Duda
1918
0.876
99%
99%
73
81
Portugal
Europe
10,342,000
35,609
Presidential-parliamentary democracy
$33,700
-0.4
67
13
Portuguese, Mirandese
Lisbon
Prime Minister António Costa
1143
0.866
98%
96%
78
83
Qatar
Middle East
2,695,000
4,490
Monarchy
$92,900
0.9
99
16
Arabic, English
Doha
Emir Tamim bin Hamad al-Thani
1971
0.855
92%
95%
78
81
Romania
Europe
19,013,000
92,046
Presidential-parliamentary democracy
$30,800
–0.8
54
16
Romanian, Hungarian, German
Bucharest
President Klaus Johannis
1878
0.821
99%
99%
67
75
Russia,9
Asia/Europe
144,340,000
6,612,000
Presidential dictatorship
$28,000
-0.5
75
18
Russian, others
Moscow
President Vladimir Putin
1991
0.829
99%
99%
66
76
Rwanda
Africa
13,777,000
10,185
Dominant party
$2,200
2.4
18
38
Kinyarwanda, French, English, Kiswahili
Kigali
President Paul Kagame
1962
0.534
79%
73%
64
68
Saint Kitts and Nevis
North America
48,000
105
Parliamentary democracy
$26,500
0.2
31
20
English
Basseterre
Prime Minister Terrance Drew
1983
0.777
98%
98%
68
75
Saint Lucia
North America
180,000
238
Parliamentary democracy
$13,000
0.1
19
18
English, French patois
Castries
Philip J. Pierre
1979
0.715
90%
91%
68
75
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
North America
110,000
150
Parliamentary democracy
$13,700
0.3
53
25
English, French patois
Kingstown
Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves
1979
NA
96%
96%
68
75
Samoa
Oceania
201,000
1,093
Parliamentary democracy and traditional chiefs
$5,500
2.3
18
38
Samoan, English
Apia
Prime Minister Fiame Naomi Mata’afa
1962
0.707
99%
99%
70
75
San Marino
Europe
34,000
24
Parliamentary democracy
$56,400
-0.3
98
14
Italian
San Marino
co-Captains Regent elected every six months from the Great and General Council
301
0.853
99%
99%
85
89
São Tomé and Príncipe
Africa
227,000
386
Presidential-parliamentary democracy
$4,100
2.2
75
29
Portuguese
São Tomé
Prime Minister Jorge Bom Jesus
1975
0.618
97%
91%
65
70
Saudi Arabia
Middle East
36,659,000
830,000
Monarchy
$44,300
1.5
85
24
Arabic
Riyadh
King Salman bin Abdulaziz al Saud
1932
0.875
99%
96%
76
79
Senegal
Africa
17,923,000
75,951
Presidential-parliamentary democracy
$3,500
2.7
97
41
French, Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka
Dakar
President Macky Sall
1960
0.511
68%
45%
68
71
Serbia
Europe
6,760,000
29,957
Presidential-parliamentary democracy
$19,800
-1.1
57
14
Serbian, Hungarian, Bosniak, others
Belgrade
President Aleksandar Vucic
2006
0.802
99%
99%
70
76
Seychelles
Africa
100,000
175
Presidential-legislative democracy
$28,800
0.8
58
22
Creole, English, others
Victoria
President Wavel Ramkalawan
1976
0.785
95%
96%
71
76
Sierra Leone
Africa
8,693,000
27,699
Presidential-legislative democracy
$1,600
2.3
43
29
English, Mende, Temne, Krio
Freetown
President Julius Maada Bio
1961
0.477
55%
40%
57
60
Singapore
Asia
5,485,000
279
Dominant party
$106,000
0.3
100
14
Mandarin Chinese, Malay, Tamil, English, others
Singapore
Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong
1965
0.939
99%
96%
82
86
Slovakia
Europe
5,428,000
18,932
Parliamentary democracy
$31,900
-0.3
54
16
Slovak, Hungarian
Bratislava
Prime Minister to be determined after September elections
1993
0.848
99%
99%
73
80
Slovenia
Europe
2,118,000
7,827
Parliamentary democracy
$40,000
-0.2
55
15
Slovenian, Serbian, Croatian, others
Ljubljana
Prime Minister Robert Golob
1991
0.918
99%
99%
78
83
Solomon Islands
Oceania
744,000
11,740
Parliamentary democracy
$2,400
2.5
25
39
Melanesian pidgin, English, others
Honiara
Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare
1978
0.564
89%
79%
69
72
Somalia
Africa
17,598,000
246,201
Presidential-parliamentary system (transitional)
$1,100
3.2
47
47
Somali, Arabic, Italian, English
Mogadishu
President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
1960
NA
NA
NA
53
57
South Africa
Africa
60,605,000
471,359
Parliamentary democracy
$13,300
0.8
68
28
English, Afrikaans, Zulu, Xhosa, Swazi, Sotho, others
Cape Town, Pretoria, and Bloemfontein
President Cyril Ramaphosa
1910
0.713
96%
95%
59
64
South Sudan
Africa
10,913,000
248,777
Presidential-legislative system
$1,600
1.8
21
44
Arabic, Dinka, Nuer, English, others
Juba
President Salva Kiir
2011
0.385
40%
29%
53
56
Spain
Europe
47,450,000
195,368
Parliamentary democracy
$37,900
-0.2
81
14
Castilian Spanish, Catalan, Galician, Basque
Madrid
Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez
1492
0.905
99%
98%
80
86
Sri Lanka
Asia
22,396,000
25,332
Presidential-parliamentary system
$13,400
0.6
19
25
Tamil, Sinhala, English
Colombo
President Ranil Wickremesinghe
1948
0.782
93%
92%
73
80
Sudan
Africa
46,874,000
711,010
Military controlled
$3,700
2.7
36
41
Arabic, Nubian, Ta Bedawie, English, others
Khartoum
Chairman of Sovereignty Council Abdel Fattah Burhan
1956
0.508
65%
56%
63
68
Suriname
South America
612,000
63,251
Presidential-parliamentary democracy
$14,800
1.0
66
26
Dutch, English, Sranang Tongo, Hindustani, Javanese
Paramaribo
President Chandrikapersad Santokhi
1975
0.73
97%
93%
71
76
Sweden
Europe
10,489,000
172,752
Parliamentary democracy
$53,600
0.2
88
18
Swedish, Finnish
Stockholm
Prime Minister Ulf Kristersson
1523
0.947
99%
99%
81
85
Switzerland
Europe
8,770,000
15,940
Parliamentary democracy
$71,000
0.2
74
15
German, French, Italian, Romansch, others
Bern
rotating president from seven-member Federal Council
1291
0.962
99%
99%
82
86
Syria
Middle East
22,125,000
71,498
Presidential dictatorship
$2,900
1.5
56
31
Arabic, Kurdish, Armenian, French, others
Damascus
President Bashar al-Assad
1946
0.577
92%
81%
69
75
Taiwan
Asia
23,186,000
13,973
Presidential-parliamentary democracy
$47,800
-0.1
79
12
Mandarin Chinese, Taiwanese, others
Taipei
President Tsai Ing-wen
1947
NA
99%
97%
78
84
Tajikistan
Asia
9,953,000
55,251
Presidential dictatorship
$3,900
2.2
28
36
Tajik, Russian
Dushanbe
President Emomali Rakhmon
1991
0.685
99%
99%
70
74
Tanzania
Africa
65,498,000
365,756
Presidential-parliamentary system
$2,600
3.0
36
43
Kiswahili, English, Arabic, others
Dar es Salaam and Dodoma
President Samia Suluhu Hassan
1964
0.549
86%
78%
64
68
Thailand
Asia
66,769,000
198,117
Military dominated
$17,100
0.2
59
17
Thai, English, regional dialects
Bangkok
Prime Minister Srettha Thavisin
1238
0.8
96%
93%
74
81
Timor-Leste (East Timor)
Asia
1,341,000
5,773
Presidential-parliamentary democracy
$5,000
1.8
32
35
Tetun, Portuguese, Indonesian, English
Dili
Prime Minister Xanana Gusmão
2002
NA
72%
64%
66
70
Togo
Africa
8,849,000
21,853
Presidential dictatorship
$2,100
2.4
43
40
French, Ewe, Mina, Dagomba, Kabye
Lomé
President Faure Gnassingbé
1960
0.539
80%
55%
61
62
Tonga
Oceania
99,000
289
Constitutional monarchy
$6,100
1.6
23
34
Tongan, English
Nuku’alofa
Prime Minister Siaosi Sovaleni
1970
0.745
99%
99%
68
74
Trinidad and Tobago
North America
1,369,000
1,980
Parliamentary democracy
$23,000
0.3
53
21
English, Hindi, French, Spanish, Chinese
Port-of-Spain
Prime Minister Keith Rowley
1962
0.81
99%
99%
74
78
Tunisia
Africa
11,824,000
63,170
Presidential-parliamentary system
$10,400
0.8
70
25
Arabic, French, Berber
Tunis
President Kaïs Saïed
1956
0.731
89%
83%
71
77
Türkiye
Europe/Middle East
85,218,000
303,224
Dominant party
$31,500
0.6
77
22
Turkish, Kurdish, Arabic
Ankara
President Recep Tayyip Erdogan
1923
0.838
99%
94%
76
81
Turkmenistan
Asia
6,431,000
189,657
Presidential dictatorship
$15,500
1.5
53
31
Turkmen, Uzbek, Russian, others
Ashgabat
President Serdar Berdymukhamedov
1991
0.745
99%
99%
66
73
Tuvalu
Oceania
11,000
10
Parliamentary democracy
$4,900
1.5
65
32
Tuvaluan, English
Funafuti
Prime Minister Kausea Natano
1978
0.641
NA
NA
61
69
Uganda
Africa
47,250,000
93,263
Dominant party
$2,200
3.1
26
45
English, Luganda, Swahili, others
Kampala
President Yoweri Museveni
1962
0.525
84%
74%
60
65
Ukraine,9
Europe
40,958,000
233,032
Presidential-parliamentary democracy
$12,900
-1.1
70
15
Ukrainian, Russian, Romanian, Polish, Hungarian
Kiev
President Volodymyr Zelensky
1991
0.773
99%
99%
66
76
United Arab Emirates
Middle East
9,441,000
32,278
Federation of traditional monarchies
$69,700
0.8
87
15
Arabic, Farsi, English, Hindi, Urdu
Abu Dhabi
President Sheikh Muhammad bin Zaid al-Nahayan
1971
0.911
99%
97%
78
81
United Kingdom
Europe
67,605,000
93,630
Parliamentary democracy
$45,000
0.0
84
18
English, Welsh, Scottish, Gaelic
London
Prime Minister Rishi Sunak
1801
0.929
99%
99%
79
83
United States
North America
332,838,000
3,677,649
Presidential-legislative democracy
$63,700
0.1
83
18
English, Spanish, others
Washington, D.C.
President Joseph R. Biden Jr.
1776
0.921
99%
99%
73
79
Uruguay
South America
3,556,000
67,574
Presidential-legislative democracy
$22,800
-0.2
96
19
Spanish, Portunol, Brazilero
Montevideo
President Luis Lacalle Pou
1825
0.809
99%
99%
72
79
Uzbekistan
Asia
35,631,000
172,742
Presidential dictatorship
$7,700
2.1
50
29
Uzbek, Russian, Tajik, others
Tashkent
President Shavkat Mirziyayev
1991
0.727
99%
99%
71
76
Vanuatu
Oceania
308,000
4,707
Parliamentary democracy
$2,800
2.4
26
39
English, French, Bislama, others
Port-Vila
Prime Minister Ishmael Kalsakau
1980
0.607
90%
88%
68
73
Vatican City
Europe
1,000
0.2
Papal state
NA
NA
100
NA
Italian, Latin, French, others
Vatican City
Pope Francis
1929
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Venezuela
South America
28,302,000
353,841
Dominant party
$7,704
0.8
88
28
Spanish, Amerindian dialects
Caracas
President Nicolás Maduro
1811
0.691
97%
98%
66
75
Vietnam
Asia
99,442,000
127,889
Communist one-party state
$10,600
0.8
37
22
Vietnamese, French, Chinese, English, Khmer, others
Hanoi
Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh
1945
0.703
97%
95%
69
78
Yemen
Middle East
33,697,000
175,677
Disputed government during civil war
$2,500
2.3
39
39
Arabic
Sanaa
Disputed government during civil war
1990
0.455
85%
55%
60
67
Zambia
Africa
20,018,000
290,586
Presidential-legislative system
$3,200
2.7
45
43
English, Bemba, Tonga, others
Lusaka
President Hakainde Hichilema
1964
0.565
91%
83%
59
65
Zimbabwe
Africa
16,321,000
150,872
Presidential-legislative system
$2,100
2.1
32
41
English, Shona, Sindebele, others
Harare
President Emmerson Mnangagwa
1980
0.593
88%
90%
56
62